/*
    * This file is part of dependency-check-core.
    *
    * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
    * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
    * You may obtain a copy of the License at
    *
    *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
    *
   * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
   * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
   * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
   * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
   * limitations under the License.
   *
   * Copyright (c) 2014 Jeremy Long. All Rights Reserved.
   */
  package org.owasp.dependencycheck.data.nvdcve;
  
  import com.google.common.io.Resources;
  import java.io.File;
  import java.io.IOException;
  import java.io.InputStream;
  import java.net.URL;
  import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
  import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
  import java.sql.Connection;
  import java.sql.Driver;
  import java.sql.DriverManager;
  import java.sql.ResultSet;
  import java.sql.SQLException;
  import java.sql.Statement;
  import java.util.Locale;
  import java.util.ResourceBundle;
  import javax.annotation.concurrent.ThreadSafe;
  import org.anarres.jdiagnostics.DefaultQuery;
  import org.apache.commons.dbcp2.BasicDataSource;
  import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils;
  import org.owasp.dependencycheck.utils.DBUtils;
  import org.owasp.dependencycheck.utils.DependencyVersion;
  import org.owasp.dependencycheck.utils.DependencyVersionUtil;
  import org.owasp.dependencycheck.utils.FileUtils;
  import org.owasp.dependencycheck.utils.Settings;
  import org.slf4j.Logger;
  import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
  
  /**
   * Loads the configured database driver and returns the database connection. If
   * the embedded H2 database is used obtaining a connection will ensure the
   * database file exists and that the appropriate table structure has been
   * created.
   *
   * @author Jeremy Long
   */
  @ThreadSafe
  public final class DatabaseManager {
  
      /**
       * The Logger.
       */
      private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(DatabaseManager.class);
      /**
       * Resource location for SQL file used to create the database schema.
       */
      public static final String DB_STRUCTURE_RESOURCE = "data/initialize.sql";
      /**
       * Resource location for SQL file used to create the database schema.
       */
      public static final String DB_STRUCTURE_UPDATE_RESOURCE = "data/upgrade_%s.sql";
      /**
       * The URL that discusses upgrading non-H2 databases.
       */
      public static final String UPGRADE_HELP_URL = "https://jeremylong.github.io/DependencyCheck/data/upgrade.html";
      /**
       * The database driver used to connect to the database.
       */
      private Driver driver = null;
      /**
       * The database connection string.
       */
      private String connectionString = null;
      /**
       * The username to connect to the database.
       */
      private String userName = null;
      /**
       * The password for the database.
       */
      private String password = null;
      /**
       * Counter to ensure that calls to ensureSchemaVersion does not end up in an
       * endless loop.
       */
      private int callDepth = 0;
      /**
       * The configured settings.
       */
      private final Settings settings;
      /**
      * Flag indicating if the database connection is for an H2 database.
      */
     private boolean isH2;
     /**
      * Flag indicating if the database connection is for an Oracle database.
      */
     private boolean isOracle;
     /**
      * The database product name.
      */
     private String databaseProductName;
     /**
      * The database connection pool.
      */
     private BasicDataSource connectionPool;
 
     /**
      * Private constructor for this factory class; no instance is ever needed.
      *
      * @param settings the configured settings
      * @throws DatabaseException thrown if we are unable to connect to the
      * database
      */
     public DatabaseManager(Settings settings) throws DatabaseException {
         this.settings = settings;
         initialize();
     }
 
     /**
      * Initializes the connection factory. Ensuring that the appropriate drivers
      * are loaded and that a connection can be made successfully.
      *
      * @throws DatabaseException thrown if we are unable to connect to the
      * database
      */
     private void initialize() throws DatabaseException {
         final boolean autoUpdate = settings.getBoolean(Settings.KEYS.AUTO_UPDATE, true);
         Connection conn = null;
         try {
             //load the driver if necessary
             final String driverName = settings.getString(Settings.KEYS.DB_DRIVER_NAME, "");
             if (!driverName.isEmpty()) {
                 final String driverPath = settings.getString(Settings.KEYS.DB_DRIVER_PATH, "");
                 LOGGER.debug("Loading driver '{}'", driverName);
                 try {
                     if (!driverPath.isEmpty()) {
                         LOGGER.debug("Loading driver from: {}", driverPath);
                         driver = DriverLoader.load(driverName, driverPath);
                     } else {
                         driver = DriverLoader.load(driverName);
                     }
                 } catch (DriverLoadException ex) {
                     LOGGER.debug("Unable to load database driver", ex);
                     throw new DatabaseException("Unable to load database driver", ex);
                 }
             }
             userName = settings.getString(Settings.KEYS.DB_USER, "dcuser");
             //yes, yes - hard-coded password - only if there isn't one in the properties file.
             password = settings.getString(Settings.KEYS.DB_PASSWORD, "DC-Pass1337!");
             try {
                 connectionString = settings.getConnectionString(
                         Settings.KEYS.DB_CONNECTION_STRING,
                         Settings.KEYS.DB_FILE_NAME);
             } catch (IOException ex) {
                 LOGGER.debug("Unable to retrieve the database connection string", ex);
                 throw new DatabaseException("Unable to retrieve the database connection string", ex);
             }
             isH2 = isH2Connection(connectionString);
             boolean shouldCreateSchema = false;
             try {
                 if (autoUpdate && isH2) {
                     shouldCreateSchema = !h2DataFileExists();
                     LOGGER.debug("Need to create DB Structure: {}", shouldCreateSchema);
                 }
             } catch (IOException ioex) {
                 LOGGER.debug("Unable to verify database exists", ioex);
                 throw new DatabaseException("Unable to verify database exists", ioex);
             }
             LOGGER.debug("Loading database connection");
             LOGGER.debug("Connection String: {}", connectionString);
             LOGGER.debug("Database User: {}", userName);
 
             try {
                 if (connectionString.toLowerCase().contains("integrated security=true")
                         || connectionString.toLowerCase().contains("trusted_connection=true")) {
                     conn = DriverManager.getConnection(connectionString);
                 } else {
                     conn = DriverManager.getConnection(connectionString, userName, password);
                 }
             } catch (SQLException ex) {
                 if (ex.getMessage().contains("java.net.UnknownHostException") && connectionString.contains("AUTO_SERVER=TRUE;")) {
                     connectionString = connectionString.replace("AUTO_SERVER=TRUE;", "");
                     try {
                         conn = DriverManager.getConnection(connectionString, userName, password);
                         settings.setString(Settings.KEYS.DB_CONNECTION_STRING, connectionString);
                         LOGGER.debug("Unable to start the database in server mode; reverting to single user mode");
                     } catch (SQLException sqlex) {
                         LOGGER.debug("Unable to connect to the database", ex);
                         throw new DatabaseException("Unable to connect to the database", ex);
                     }
                 } else if (isH2 && ex.getMessage().contains("file version or invalid file header")) {
                     LOGGER.error("Incompatible or corrupt database found. To resolve this issue please remove the existing database by running purge");
                     throw new DatabaseException("Incompatible or corrupt database found; run the purge command to resolve the issue");
                 } else {
                     LOGGER.debug("Unable to connect to the database", ex);
                     throw new DatabaseException("Unable to connect to the database", ex);
                 }
             }
             databaseProductName = determineDatabaseProductName(conn);
             isOracle = "oracle".equals(databaseProductName);
             if (shouldCreateSchema) {
                 try {
                     createTables(conn);
                 } catch (DatabaseException dex) {
                     LOGGER.debug("", dex);
                     throw new DatabaseException("Unable to create the database structure", dex);
                 }
             }
             try {
                 ensureSchemaVersion(conn);
             } catch (DatabaseException dex) {
                 LOGGER.debug("", dex);
                 throw new DatabaseException("Database schema does not match this version of dependency-check", dex);
             }
         } finally {
             if (conn != null) {
                 try {
                     conn.close();
                 } catch (SQLException ex) {
                     LOGGER.debug("An error occurred closing the connection", ex);
                 }
             }
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Tries to determine the product name of the database.
      *
      * @param conn the database connection
      * @return the product name of the database if successful, {@code null} else
      */
     private String determineDatabaseProductName(Connection conn) {
         try {
             final String databaseProductName = conn.getMetaData().getDatabaseProductName().toLowerCase();
             LOGGER.debug("Database product: {}", databaseProductName);
             return databaseProductName;
         } catch (SQLException se) {
             LOGGER.warn("Problem determining database product!", se);
             return null;
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Cleans up resources and unloads any registered database drivers. This
      * needs to be called to ensure the driver is unregistered prior to the
      * finalize method being called as during shutdown the class loader used to
      * load the driver may be unloaded prior to the driver being de-registered.
      */
     public void cleanup() {
         if (driver != null) {
             DriverLoader.cleanup(driver);
             driver = null;
         }
         connectionString = null;
         userName = null;
         password = null;
     }
 
     /**
      * Determines if the H2 database file exists. If it does not exist then the
      * data structure will need to be created.
      *
      * @return true if the H2 database file does not exist; otherwise false
      * @throws IOException thrown if the data directory does not exist and
      * cannot be created
      */
     public boolean h2DataFileExists() throws IOException {
         return h2DataFileExists(settings);
     }
 
     /**
      * Determines if the H2 database file exists. If it does not exist then the
      * data structure will need to be created.
      *
      * @param configuration the configured settings
      * @return true if the H2 database file does not exist; otherwise false
      * @throws IOException thrown if the data directory does not exist and
      * cannot be created
      */
     public static boolean h2DataFileExists(Settings configuration) throws IOException {
         final File file = getH2DataFile(configuration);
         return file.exists();
     }
 
     /**
      * Returns a reference to the H2 database file.
      *
      * @param configuration the configured settings
      * @return the path to the H2 database file
      * @throws IOException thrown if there is an error
      */
     public static File getH2DataFile(Settings configuration) throws IOException {
         final File dir = configuration.getH2DataDirectory();
         final String fileName = configuration.getString(Settings.KEYS.DB_FILE_NAME);
         return new File(dir, fileName);
     }
 
     /**
      * Returns the database product name.
      *
      * @return the database product name
      */
     public String getDatabaseProductName() {
         return databaseProductName;
     }
 
     /**
      * Determines if the connection string is for an H2 database.
      *
      * @return true if the connection string is for an H2 database
      */
     public boolean isH2Connection() {
         return isH2;
     }
 
     /**
      * Determines if the connection string is for an Oracle database.
      *
      * @return true if the connection string is for an Oracle database
      */
     public boolean isOracle() {
         return isOracle;
     }
 
     /**
      * Determines if the connection string is for an H2 database.
      *
      * @param configuration the configured settings
      * @return true if the connection string is for an H2 database
      */
     public static boolean isH2Connection(Settings configuration) {
         final String connStr;
         try {
             connStr = configuration.getConnectionString(
                     Settings.KEYS.DB_CONNECTION_STRING,
                     Settings.KEYS.DB_FILE_NAME);
         } catch (IOException ex) {
             LOGGER.debug("Unable to get connectionn string", ex);
             return false;
         }
         return isH2Connection(connStr);
     }
 
     /**
      * Determines if the connection string is for an H2 database.
      *
      * @param connectionString the connection string
      * @return true if the connection string is for an H2 database
      */
     public static boolean isH2Connection(String connectionString) {
         return connectionString.startsWith("jdbc:h2:file:");
     }
 
     /**
      * Creates the database structure (tables and indexes) to store the CVE
      * data.
      *
      * @param conn the database connection
      * @throws DatabaseException thrown if there is a Database Exception
      */
     private void createTables(Connection conn) throws DatabaseException {
         LOGGER.debug("Creating database structure");
         final String dbStructure;
         try {
             dbStructure = getResource(DB_STRUCTURE_RESOURCE);
 
             Statement statement = null;
             try {
                 statement = conn.createStatement();
                 statement.execute(dbStructure);
             } catch (SQLException ex) {
                 LOGGER.debug("", ex);
                 throw new DatabaseException("Unable to create database statement", ex);
             } finally {
                 DBUtils.closeStatement(statement);
             }
         } catch (IOException ex) {
             throw new DatabaseException("Unable to create database schema", ex);
         } catch (LinkageError ex) {
             LOGGER.debug(new DefaultQuery(ex).call().toString());
         }
     }
 
     private String getResource(String resource) throws IOException {
         String dbStructure;
         try {
             final URL url = Resources.getResource(resource);
             dbStructure = Resources.toString(url, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
         } catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) {
             LOGGER.debug("Resources.getResource(String) failed to find the DB Structure Resource", ex);
             try (InputStream is = FileUtils.getResourceAsStream(resource)) {
                 dbStructure = IOUtils.toString(is, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
             }
         }
         return dbStructure;
     }
 
     /**
      * Updates the database schema by loading the upgrade script for the version
      * specified. The intended use is that if the current schema version is 2.9
      * then we would call updateSchema(conn, "2.9"). This would load the
      * upgrade_2.9.sql file and execute it against the database. The upgrade
      * script must update the 'version' in the properties table.
      *
      * @param conn the database connection object
      * @param appExpectedVersion the schema version that the application expects
      * @param currentDbVersion the current schema version of the database
      * @throws DatabaseException thrown if there is an exception upgrading the
      * database schema
      */
     private void updateSchema(Connection conn, DependencyVersion appExpectedVersion, DependencyVersion currentDbVersion)
             throws DatabaseException {
 
         if (connectionString.startsWith("jdbc:h2:file:")) {
             LOGGER.debug("Updating database structure");
             final String updateFile = String.format(DB_STRUCTURE_UPDATE_RESOURCE, currentDbVersion.toString());
             if ("data/upgrade_4.2.sql".equals(updateFile) && !FileUtils.getResourceAsFile(updateFile).exists()) {
                 throw new DatabaseException("unable to upgrade the database schema - please run the dependency-check "
                         + "purge command to remove the existing database");
             }
             try {
                 final String dbStructureUpdate = getResource(updateFile);
                 Statement statement = null;
                 try {
                     statement = conn.createStatement();
                     statement.execute(dbStructureUpdate);
                 } catch (SQLException ex) {
                     throw new DatabaseException(String.format("Unable to upgrade the database schema from %s to %s",
                             currentDbVersion, appExpectedVersion.toString()), ex);
                 } finally {
                     DBUtils.closeStatement(statement);
                 }
             } catch (IllegalArgumentException | IOException ex) {
                 final String msg = String.format("Upgrade SQL file does not exist: %s", updateFile);
                 throw new DatabaseException(msg, ex);
             }
         } else {
             final int e0 = Integer.parseInt(appExpectedVersion.getVersionParts().get(0));
             final int c0 = Integer.parseInt(currentDbVersion.getVersionParts().get(0));
             final int e1 = Integer.parseInt(appExpectedVersion.getVersionParts().get(1));
             final int c1 = Integer.parseInt(currentDbVersion.getVersionParts().get(1));
             //CSOFF: EmptyBlock
             if (e0 == c0 && e1 < c1) {
                 LOGGER.warn("A new version of dependency-check is available; consider upgrading");
                 settings.setBoolean(Settings.KEYS.AUTO_UPDATE, false);
             } else if (e0 == c0 && e1 == c1) {
                 //do nothing - not sure how we got here, but just in case...
             } else {
                 LOGGER.error("The database schema must be upgraded to use this version of dependency-check. Please see {} for more information.",
                         UPGRADE_HELP_URL);
                 throw new DatabaseException("Database schema is out of date");
             }
             //CSON: EmptyBlock
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Returns a resource bundle containing the SQL Statements needed for the
      * database engine being used.
      *
      * @return a resource bundle containing the SQL Statements
      */
     public ResourceBundle getSqlStatements() {
         final ResourceBundle statementBundle = getDatabaseProductName() != null
                 ? ResourceBundle.getBundle("data/dbStatements", new Locale(getDatabaseProductName()))
                 : ResourceBundle.getBundle("data/dbStatements");
         return statementBundle;
     }
 
     /**
      * Uses the provided connection to check the specified schema version within
      * the database.
      *
      * @param conn the database connection object
      * @throws DatabaseException thrown if the schema version is not compatible
      * with this version of dependency-check
      */
     private void ensureSchemaVersion(Connection conn) throws DatabaseException {
         ResultSet rs = null;
         PreparedStatement ps = null;
         final ResourceBundle statementBundle = getSqlStatements();
         final String sql = statementBundle.getString("SELECT_SCHEMA_VERSION");
         try {
             ps = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
             rs = ps.executeQuery();
             if (rs.next()) {
                 final String dbSchemaVersion = settings.getString(Settings.KEYS.DB_VERSION);
                 final DependencyVersion appDbVersion = DependencyVersionUtil.parseVersion(dbSchemaVersion);
                 if (appDbVersion == null) {
                     throw new DatabaseException("Invalid application database schema");
                 }
                 final DependencyVersion db = DependencyVersionUtil.parseVersion(rs.getString(1));
                 if (db == null) {
                     throw new DatabaseException("Invalid database schema");
                 }
                 LOGGER.debug("DC Schema: {}", appDbVersion);
                 LOGGER.debug("DB Schema: {}", db);
                 if (appDbVersion.compareTo(db) > 0) {
                     final boolean autoUpdate = settings.getBoolean(Settings.KEYS.AUTO_UPDATE, true);
                     if (autoUpdate) {
                         updateSchema(conn, appDbVersion, db);
                         if (++callDepth < 10) {
                             ensureSchemaVersion(conn);
                         }
                     } else {
                         throw new DatabaseException("Old database schema identified - please execute "
                                 + "dependency-check without the no-update configuration to continue");
                     }
                 }
             } else {
                 throw new DatabaseException("Database schema is missing");
             }
         } catch (SQLException ex) {
             LOGGER.debug("", ex);
             throw new DatabaseException("Unable to check the database schema version", ex);
         } finally {
             DBUtils.closeResultSet(rs);
             DBUtils.closeStatement(ps);
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Opens the database connection pool.
      */
     public void open() {
         connectionPool = new BasicDataSource();
         if (driver != null) {
             connectionPool.setDriver(driver);
         }
         connectionPool.setUrl(connectionString);
         connectionPool.setUsername(userName);
         connectionPool.setPassword(password);
     }
 
     /**
      * Closes the database connection pool.
      */
     public void close() {
         try {
             connectionPool.close();
         } catch (SQLException ex) {
             LOGGER.debug("Error closing the connection pool", ex);
         }
         connectionPool = null;
     }
 
     /**
      * Returns if the connection pool is open.
      *
      * @return if the connection pool is open
      */
     public boolean isOpen() {
         return connectionPool != null;
     }
 
     /**
      * Constructs a new database connection object per the database
      * configuration.
      *
      * @return a database connection object
      * @throws DatabaseException thrown if there is an exception obtaining the
      * database connection
      */
     public Connection getConnection() throws DatabaseException {
         try {
             return connectionPool.getConnection();
         } catch (SQLException ex) {
             throw new DatabaseException("Error connecting to the database", ex);
         }
     }
 }